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... using cadmium (also toxic) :
"The proposed method involves irradiating visible LED light onto cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystals and copper-doped CdS (Cu-CdS) nanocrystals with surface ligands of mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) in a solution containing PFAS, FPs, and triethanolamine (TEOA)."
I think elemental cadmium is toxic, I'm not sure CdS is. It is used in many many light detecting circuits. I think the CdS is used as a catalyst here anyway, so not depleted in use.
CdS is insoluble in pure water, yet :
ideally you will hope to have a process in which this powder will be supported on a stable substrate ... but eventually, if you don't use pure water, any impurity can have any chemical composition ... so, if you are working in the real world with a mix of unknown soup, you will end up with chemical reactions ... especially if there is some acids you will leach out the cadmium as soluble compounds or you may get fragmentation and powder coming out, going to the environment, pickied up by wind, creating dust in the air (...) .
Still, the process might be viable if well controlled and if the gain by eliminating PFAS is great enough.
P.S. this process involves liberation of fluoride so you will get :
Cadmium fluoride : Solubility in water 4.35 g/100 ml https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_fluoride