

Video without the “article”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWnN-FA3zRM
Sourcecode: https://github.com/ading2210/linuxpdf
It’s TinyEMU under the hood:
TinyEMU is a system emulator for the RISC-V and x86 architectures. Its purpose is to be small and simple while being complete.
It has a javascript version, JSLinux, that’s embedded in the pdf. You can run other OS-es in the browser with that, see link. It has X window support, so it should be possible to run a full GUI operating system in a pdf.
It definitely shows lake names, it’s just limited to specific zoom levels, e.g. here you should see all the names of the Great Lakes: https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=7%2F45.064%2F-81.758
The source code of the renderer is here: https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto
And there is an issue about displaying sea and ocean names: https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto/issues/2278
Some comments from the issue:
Rationale from @gravitystorm@m.gravitystorm.co.uk as an issue comment:
Another good reason why it’s a complex topic:
Summary here: