1890: Bruno Emil Tesch, Axis chemist who co‐invented Zyklon B, arrived to worsen life with his existence.
1934: Adolf Schicklgruber received a signed document containing Hindenburg’s ‘last wish’, which was for the restoration of the Hohenzollern monarchy. Schicklgruber did not have the document published. Hermann Göring was injured in an accident outside Munich when the car he was driving collided with a truck on a narrow road. He sustained injuries to his back and cuts to his face and knees, but left the hospital the next day.
1936: Nationalist forces led by Juan Yagüe captured the walled city of Badajoz. Once inside, a savage repression known as the Massacre of Badajoz began, making headlines around the world. Meanwhile, Portugal accepted a French proposal for neutrality in the Spanish Civil War, an important step in the international nonintervention agreement France was seeking.
1937: The Battle of Santander began. Chinese warplanes attacked Imperial ships in Shanghai harbour, but most of the bombs missed their targets and struck civilian areas instead, killing over 1,000.
1940: Fascist administrator Gustav Simon abrogated the Constitution of Luxembourg, banned all opposition parties and made German the only official language there.
1941: Axis forces captured Krivoy Rog while the Third Reich commissioned the submarine U‐583. Meanwhile, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill jointly issued the Atlantic Charter, stating the Allied goals for the postbellum world as British bombers conducted an overnight raid on the railway yards at Hanover.
1943: Allied bombers flew a record distance, traveling 2,500 miles from Australia to carry out the first bombing raid on the island of Borneo, striking the Axis oil reserves at Balikpapan. Meanwhile, the Axis lost both the Battle of Roosevelt Ridge and the Battle of Belgorod. To make matters even worse for them, Rome was declared an open city by the Italian government a day after its twoth bombing, making the announcement in a radio broadcast by Stetani, the official news agency. Marshal Pietro Badoglio, the Italian Prime Minister confirmed the decision later in the day, offering to remove Rome’s defenses, under the supervision of the Allies, in exchange for no further bombing. Finally, the British submarine Saracen was damaged by depth charges from Italian corvettes off Bastia, Corsica and scuttled to prevent capture.
1944: The Osovets Offensive officially ended with the completion of Soviet objectives. Canadian and Polish troops began Operation Tractable, the final offensive of the Battle of Normandy. An Italian prisoner of war was killed during a violent conflict between Yankee soldiers and Italian POWs. Finally, the Axis submarine U-618 was sunk in the Bay of Biscay by British ships and aircraft.
1945: Emperor Hirohito recorded a radio message to the Japanese people saying that the war should end and that they must ‘bear the unbearable.’ That night the Kyūjō incident occurred, an effort by a group of officers to steal the recording and stop the move to surrender. The attempt would fail and the conspirators would commit suicide.
1947: The Western Allies completed the Buchenwald Trial. Of the 31 convicted staff members of the Buchenwald concentration camp, they executed only 11, and gave the rest prison sentences, most of whom they let out early.
1956: Konstantin Hermann Karl Freiherr von Neurath, Axis diplomat and war criminal, dropped dead.
1988: Enzo Anselmo Giuseppe Maria Ferrari, Axis businessman, expired.